Screening Tools
Identifying potential trafficking concerns requires a careful, trauma informed approach that prioritizes safety, choice, and respect. Screening tools help providers recognize indicators of exploitation, assess vulnerability, and determine when additional support or a formal referral is needed. These tools are not assessments or investigations. Instead, they offer a structured way for professionals to gather information, guide conversations, and ensure consistency statewide.
This page provides access to Maryland’s required screening tools, as well as national best practice frameworks, to support safe and accurate identification of youth who may be at risk or impacted by human trafficking.
Why Screening Matters
Trafficking often occurs in hidden, complex ways and may not be immediately disclosed. Many youth experience overlapping vulnerabilities including unstable housing, prior abuse, mental health challenges, substance use, or family conflict. Screening tools help professionals:
• Recognize red flags and risk indicators
• Support youth who may be unsure or afraid to share their experiences
• Provide a consistent response across systems and jurisdictions
• Reduce missed opportunities for early intervention
• Connect individuals to the Regional Navigator Program for follow up
Screening is a doorway to support, not a confirmation of trafficking. The goal is to identify concerns early and respond with care.
Maryland’s Required Screening: The QYIT (Quick Youth Indicators for Trafficking)
The Maryland Department of Human Services requires the use of the QYIT (Quick Youth Indicators for Trafficking) for any youth under age 24 when trafficking concerns are present or when a case meets certain criteria. The QYIT is a short, structured screening tool designed to identify potential indicators such as:
• Youth running away or being missing
• Unexplained gifts, money, or relationships with concerning adults
• History of sexual abuse or exploitation
• Presence of controlling or harmful relationships
• High-risk online activity
• Signs of coercion or manipulation
The QYIT does not diagnose trafficking. Instead, it signals when additional review, conversation, or a Navigator referral may be appropriate.
Who Uses the QYIT?
• DSS caseworkers
• Law enforcement child protection units
• Child Advocacy Centers
• Regional Navigator programs
• Emergency shelter or youth service providers
• Any partner agency responding to at-risk youth
What Happens After the QYIT?
If indicators are present or concerns remain, the youth should be referred to the Regional Navigator Program for a full response. Navigators provide safety planning, multidisciplinary coordination, advocacy, and linkage to services.
How to Use Screening Tools Safely and Effectively
Prepare the Environment
• Ensure privacy
• Explain the purpose of screening
• Offer the youth control over the conversation
• Avoid pressuring the youth to disclose
Use Neutral, Non-Judgmental Language
Example:
“I want to understand what has been going on so we can figure out what support feels right for you.”
Do Not Ask for Graphic Details
Screening tools help identify risk, not collect evidence.
Honor the Youth’s Perspective
Youth may minimize or avoid the topic. This is normal.
Your role is to recognize indicators and connect them to support.
Know Your Referral Pathway
If concerns are present:
Refer to your local Regional Navigator immediately.
Navigators coordinate safety, services, and multidisciplinary response.
When to Refer to the Regional Navigator Program
A referral should be made when:
• QYIT identifies indicators
• A youth discloses exploitation
• A provider observes concerning patterns
• There is uncertainty but safety concerns exist
• Another agency requests a Navigator consult
Navigators are equipped to handle complex trafficking-related concerns and assist with safety planning, advocacy, MDT coordination, and linkage to services.
Downloadable Tools and Links
On this page, you can provide:
• QYIT Screening Tool (DSS Required)
PDF or digital form link.
• OVC Improving Outcomes Matrix
Link to national guidance.
• Safety Planning Tips for Providers
Optional addition.
• Navigator Referral Contact Information
Regional Map + contact details.
• Screening Quick Guide
A one-page summary for providers.